Chapter 3 FIT — computer Notes — Polytechnic FIT unit -3 Basic Logic and Building
📘 Vishalwriter.com | Algorithm • Flowchart • Problem Solving • Coding • Debugging • Testing
🧑🏫 Complete notes for Chapter 3 with mark‑wise answers (1,2,4,8 marks) and 51 MCQs. Compact mobile‑friendly format with easy explanations.
🔹 A. Very Short Answer (1 Mark each)
1. Set of instructions is called. 1 Mark
👉 Algorithm
2. Software is a set of. 1 Mark
👉 Programs
3. Final step of problem solving. 1 Mark
👉 Testing
4. First step of problem solving. 1 Mark
👉 Problem Analysis
5. Writing program is called. 1 Mark
👉 Coding
6. Error finding is called. 1 Mark
👉 Debugging
7. Step-by-step solution. 1 Mark
👉 Algorithm
8. Graphical representation. 1 Mark
👉 Flowchart
9. Start/Stop symbol. 1 Mark
👉 Oval
10. Decision symbol. 1 Mark
👉 Diamond
11. Input/Output symbol. 1 Mark
👉 Parallelogram
12. Process symbol. 1 Mark
👉 Rectangle
13. Connector symbol. 1 Mark
👉 Circle
14. Flow lines show. 1 Mark
👉 Direction of flow
🔹 B. Short Answer (4 Marks each)
1. Need of Programming. 4 Marks
👉 Automates repetitive tasks, develops software (apps, games), performs fast calculations, controls hardware & smart systems.
2. Define Algorithm. 4 Marks
👉 Algorithm is a step‑by‑step finite procedure to solve a problem. Steps: Understand the problem → Define inputs/outputs → Write logical steps → Test manually.
3. Algorithm for average of 3 numbers. 4 Marks
1.Start 2.Input A,B,C 3.Sum=A+B+C 4.Average=Sum/3 5.Display Average 6.Stop
4. Flowchart symbols. 4 Marks
👉 Oval (Start/Stop), Rectangle (Process), Diamond (Decision), Parallelogram (Input/Output), Circle (Connector).
5. Flowchart of sum of 2 numbers. 4 Marks
Start
↓
Input A,B
↓
Sum=A+B
↓
Display Sum
↓
Stop
6. Algorithm vs Flowchart. 4 Marks
👉 Algorithm: text form, easy to write, language‑independent. Flowchart: diagram form, easier for non‑technical people to understand.
7. Steps of problem solving. 4 Marks
👉 Problem Analysis → Algorithm → Flowchart → Coding → Testing & Debugging
8. Coding and Testing. 4 Marks
👉 Coding: writing the actual program in a language (Python, C, Java). Testing: checking the program for errors and fixing them (debugging).
9. Characteristics of Algorithm. 4 Marks
👉 Clear and unambiguous, finite (must end after steps), logical sequence, defined inputs and outputs.
🔹 C. Long Answer (8 Marks each)
1. Steps in Problem Solving (Detailed). 8 Marks
📌 Problem solving is the process of finding solutions to complex issues using a logical, step‑by‑step approach.
✨ 5 Detailed Steps:
- 1. Problem Analysis: Understand the problem – identify inputs, outputs, constraints, and requirements.
- 2. Algorithm Design: Write a clear, step‑by‑step set of instructions to solve the problem.
- 3. Flowchart: Draw a visual diagram using standard symbols to represent the algorithm.
- 4. Coding: Convert the algorithm into actual program code using a programming language (Python, C, Java).
- 5. Testing & Debugging: Run the program with sample inputs, find errors (bugs), fix them, and verify the output.
2. Algorithm Development Example (Sum of two numbers). 8 Marks
📌 Algorithm to find sum of two numbers – a basic example to understand algorithm design.
✍️ Steps:
- Start
- Input first number (A)
- Input second number (B)
- Calculate Sum = A + B
- Display Sum
- Stop
3. Flowchart advantages & limitations. 8 Marks
📌 Flowchart is a visual representation of an algorithm using standard symbols.
✅ Advantages (5 points):
- Easy to understand the program logic visually.
- Helps in error detection and debugging.
- Useful for documentation and training new programmers.
- Improves communication between programmers and non‑technical stakeholders.
- Shows the step‑by‑step flow clearly.
- Time‑consuming to draw for large/complex programs.
- Difficult to modify or update – often requires redrawing.
- No standard rules for representing complex logic.
- Not suitable for very large programs (thousands of steps).
- Cannot be executed directly by a computer – only serves as a plan.
4. Algorithm vs Flowchart (Detailed). 8 Marks
📌 Algorithm: Textual, language‑independent set of steps.
📌 Flowchart: Diagrammatic representation using graphical symbols.
📊 Comparison (6 points):
📌 Flowchart: Diagrammatic representation using graphical symbols.
- Form: Algorithm is text; Flowchart is a diagram with symbols.
- Ease of development: Algorithm is easier and faster to write.
- Understanding: Flowchart is easier for non‑technical people to follow.
- Conversion to code: Algorithm can be directly translated to any programming language.
- Branching & loops: Flowchart shows condition branches (Yes/No) and loops very clearly with arrows.
- Usage: Algorithm is used during design; Flowchart is used for presentations, documentation, and teaching.
5. Flowchart symbols explanation with examples. 8 Marks
📌 Standard flowchart symbols – each symbol has a fixed meaning.
- Oval (Terminal): Start or End of the program. Example: Start, Stop.
- Rectangle (Process): Arithmetic or data manipulation operations. Example: Sum = A + B.
- Diamond (Decision): Condition checking (yes/no branch). Example: Is marks > 40?
- Parallelogram (I/O): Input or Output operation. Example: Read A, Print Sum.
- Circle (Connector): Connects different pages or sections of a flowchart.
- Arrow (Flow line): Shows the direction of flow between symbols.
- Document symbol (rectangle with wavy base): Represents printed output or report.
6. Sum of N Natural Numbers (Algorithm + Flowchart). 8 Marks
📌 Sum of N natural numbers = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + N. This is a classic loop problem.
📝 Algorithm:
- Start
- Input the value of N (how many numbers to add)
- Initialize sum = 0 and counter i = 1
- Repeat steps 5‑6 while i ≤ N:
- sum = sum + i
- i = i + 1 (increment)
- Display the final sum
- Stop
Start
↓
Input N
↓
i = 1, sum = 0
↓
i ≤ N ?
Yes ↓
sum = sum + i
i = i + 1
↺ (loop back to condition)
No ↓
Display sum
↓
Stop
📋 50+ MCQs with Answers
1. An algorithm is?
✔ Answer: A
2. Decision symbol in flowchart?
✔ Answer: C
3. First step in problem solving?
✔ Answer: C
4. Process symbol in flowchart?
✔ Answer: B
5. Debugging means?
✔ Answer: B
6. Characteristic of algorithm?
✔ Answer: C
7. Flow lines represent?
✔ Answer: B
8. Input/Output symbol?
✔ Answer: C
9. Coding is also known as?
✔ Answer: B
10. Final step of problem solving?
✔ Answer: D
11. Oval symbol represents?
✔ Answer: C
12. Example of programming language?
✔ Answer: B
13. Flowchart is a representation?
✔ Answer: B
14. Step after flowchart?
✔ Answer: C
15. Decision symbol results in how many paths?
✔ Answer: B
16. Software is set of?
✔ Answer: D
17. Average algorithm uses which operators?
✔ Answer: A
18. Connector symbol is?
✔ Answer: A
19. Main advantage of flowchart?
✔ Answer: B
20. Sum if A=5,B=10?
✔ Answer: A
21. Symbol used for loops?
✔ Answer: A
22. Algorithm starts with?
✔ Answer: B
23. Not a flowchart symbol?
✔ Answer: A
24. While writing algorithm avoid?
✔ Answer: B
25. Correct order?
✔ Answer: B
26. Convert algorithm to program is?
✔ Answer: C
27. Largest of two uses which symbol?
✔ Answer: D
28. i = i+1 represents?
✔ Answer: B
29. Arithmetic operations symbol?
✔ Answer: C
30. Average of a=10,b=20?
✔ Answer: B
31. Algorithm must terminate after?
✔ Answer: B
32. Flowchart arrows called?
✔ Answer: B
33. Not a program development step?
✔ Answer: B
34. "Debugging" coined by?
✔ Answer: A
35. Algorithm is like a?
✔ Answer: A
36. Valid algorithm step?
✔ Answer: D
37. Flowchart useful for?
✔ Answer: D
38. Parallelogram represents?
✔ Answer: C
39. True about Algorithm?
✔ Answer: C
40. Another name for coding?
✔ Answer: A
41. Two paths from diamond lead to?
✔ Answer: A
42. First step before drawing flowchart?
✔ Answer: C
43. Loop logic created by?
✔ Answer: A
44. Connect different pages symbol?
✔ Answer: A
45. Algorithm should have zero or more?
✔ Answer: B
46. "Testing" refers to?
✔ Answer: A
47. Not a characteristic of algorithm?
✔ Answer: B
48. Flowchart also known as?
✔ Answer: B
49. Default flow direction?
✔ Answer: B
50. Condition checks shape?
✔ Answer: B
51. Main goal of problem solving?
✔ Answer: B
📢 Exam Smart Strategy: For 8‑mark questions, always write a clear definition, then list 6‑8 bullet points, and include a flowchart example when asked. Practice “sum of N natural numbers”, “find largest among three”, and “factorial” – they repeat often.
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Computer notes